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has to be able to humble down

sometimes. Sometimes the first

implementor, the person that is doing

the actual work, is actually not seeing

that it could be working, and the group

leader sees that it could be working.

And then the group leader should stay

on track. But sometimes the group

leader is just illusioned, is lost in his or

her own ego, is in love with the own

idea, and then you have to say: you

know what, you’re right. And this

dynamic between bottom-up and top-

down leadership, it is a big feature of a

healthy group.

Do you think there are any changes

between your generation of students

and the generation of students that

you see now?

Ok, ehm… Temporally skip. I give you

just a quick comment, we can continue

after. Just off the record comment…

this is such a awesome series of

questions! [

we both laugh

] It’s just so

fun. Ok.

[

Laughing

]

Why don’t you want to put

this into the interview?

[

Still laughing

] Ok, put it in. This is so

cool. So before we re-start… what was

the question again?

[

I repeat the question

]

Ok, this is an awesome question! See,

it’s very interesting. Let me first say

how the environment changed. When I

was a student, everything was much

slower. You had an idea, and you

thought: it’s awesome! Then you had

approximately a year, or a year and a

half, time from an idea to a publication

because the density of people working

in your area was low and, you know, in

the end you wouldn’t be scooped.

These days, if you work on something

hot, especially on neural networks

understanding something - the very

middle of the field - between an idea

and somebody scooping you, you have

maybe six months. So it’s becoming

more stressing. But at the same time,

because it’s so much denser, if you do

something good you get a lot more

citations. And citations are a big

currency, a big mark of success, that

you trade for positions and

professorships. So in a way it’s harder

and easier, at the same time. But it’s

certainly more stressful, and I salute

Tuesday

Vittorio Ferrari

7

The noise is noise with respect to the center

point, but it’s signal with respect to scale